Rule reminder

To draw conclusions in formal Italian essays, use: 'quindi' (therefore — informal), 'pertanto' (therefore — formal), 'di conseguenza' (as a result/consequently), 'ne consegue che' (it follows that), 'in conclusione' (in conclusion), 'per concludere' (to conclude), 'alla luce di quanto detto' (in light of what has been said), 'da quanto esposto emerge che' (from what has been presented, it emerges that). Avoid 'quindi' in formal conclusions — prefer 'pertanto' or 'di conseguenza'.