Rule reminder

When a noun phrase is repeated unnecessarily in a text, replace it with: (1) a personal pronoun (lo/la/li/le/gli/le/ci/ne) if it is a direct/indirect object or location; (2) a subject pronoun (lui/lei/loro/esso/essa/essi/esse) if it is a subject in formal writing; (3) a demonstrative (questo/quello/tale) if distance or formality requires it; (4) a superordinate or synonym if variation is needed. The goal is economy without ambiguity.