B1 — Intermediateconjunction
pertanto
therefore, thus, consequently
Synonyms (≈ similar meaning)
quindidunqueperciòdi conseguenzaper questo motivo
Antonyms (≠ opposite meaning)
tuttaviaperòeppurenonostanteciò nonostante
Usage note
'Pertanto' is formal/written. 'Quindi' is colloquial. 'Di conseguenza' = consequently. These all draw logical conclusions. Common in academic and business writing.
Example
"Non ha studiato; pertanto ha fallito l'esame."
"He didn't study; therefore he failed the exam."
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