Rule reminder

Formal Italian essay writing requires: formal vocabulary (avoid colloquialisms), impersonal constructions (si sostiene che, è necessario che), formal connectives (pertanto, tuttavia, ciononostante — NOT quindi, però, cioè), no contractions or exclamations, no direct address to the reader with 'tu/voi', no personal anecdotes unless requested, subjunctive after opinion/uncertainty verbs. Register consistency is assessed in CILS/CELI exams.