Rule reminder

At advanced B2 level, learners must choose between multiple equivalent concessive structures based on: (1) formality of register (sebbene/benché > nonostante > anche se), (2) whether the subject is the same in both clauses (pur + gerundio for same subject), (3) whether the concession is real (indicative with anche se) or hypothetical (subjunctive/conditional), (4) whether a noun or clause follows the connective (nonostante/malgrado as prepositions vs. conjunctions).