Causal Gerund — Essendo, Avendo, Essendosi — Advanced Causal Clauses — Proposizioni Causali B2 (B2)

Advanced Causal Clauses — Proposizioni Causali B2·Causal Gerund — Essendo, Avendo, Essendosi

💡

Rule reminder

The gerund can express cause when the subjects of both clauses are the same. Present gerund (essendo, avendo) for simultaneous cause; past gerund (essendo stato, avendo fatto) for prior cause. The causal gerund is formal and common in written Italian.

Causal Gerund — Essendo, Avendo, Essendosi1 / 10

Transform: 'Poiché non aveva dormito, era esausto' → causal gerund