Rule reminder

Master checklist for absolute constructions: (1) STRUCTURE: past/present participle + its own nominal subject (distinct from main subject); (2) AGREEMENT: participle agrees in gender and number with its own subject; (3) MEANING: temporal (prior action), causal (reason for main event), concessive ('pur' + participle/gerund = despite), or simultaneous (present participle); (4) REGISTER: formal written only — legal (Visto, Considerato), academic (Analizzati, Esaminata), literary (present-participle absolutes, narrative chains), journalistic (compact event sequencing); (5) ERRORS: wrong agreement, gerund instead of participle in absolute, same subject as main clause (use participio congiunto instead), wrong register.