Rule reminder

The choice between an absolute construction and a full subordinate clause is primarily a matter of register and style. The absolute is preferred in: (1) formal written prose where concision is valued; (2) academic writing where methodology steps must be listed efficiently; (3) legal/administrative texts following conventional formulas; (4) literary prose for rhythmic and atmospheric effects. The subordinate clause is preferred in: (1) informal writing; (2) when the logical relationship must be made explicit; (3) when the two clauses share the same subject (where the absolute would be ungrammatical). Choosing the absolute over a subordinate clause always raises the register.