Rule reminder

In formal, journalistic, and academic Italian, concessive clauses most commonly use 'sebbene', 'benché', 'quantunque', 'nonostante (che)', and 'per quanto' — all followed by the subjunctive. 'Anche se' + indicative is more common in spoken Italian but less formal. 'Malgrado' and 'nonostante' can also be used as prepositions followed by a noun.