Rule reminder

Sequence of tenses with present main clause: (1) Main clause PRESENT + subordinate action SIMULTANEOUS or FUTURE → present subjunctive. (2) Main clause PRESENT + subordinate action PRIOR (already happened) → congiuntivo passato (present subjunctive of avere/essere + past participle). Example: 'Credo che studi' (I think he is studying now) vs 'Credo che abbia studiato' (I think he studied already).