FastItalian LearningSign in
Dashboard
A250 exercises · 5 sections

Ordinal Numbers

The Lesson

What Are Ordinal Numbers?

Ordinal numbers indicate position or rank in a sequence: first, second, third, etc. In Italian, ordinal numbers are adjectives, which means they must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. The first ten ordinals are irregular and must be memorized, while from 11th onwards a regular pattern applies.

Ordinal Numbers 1st–10th

NumberMasculine SingularFeminine SingularMasculine PluralFeminine PluralEnglish
primoprimaprimiprimefirst
secondosecondasecondisecondesecond
terzoterzaterziterzethird
quartoquartaquartiquartefourth
quintoquintaquintiquintefifth
sestosestasestisestesixth
settimosettimasettimisettimeseventh
ottavoottavaottaviottaveeighth
nonononanoninoneninth
10°decimodecimadecimidecimetenth

Forming Ordinals from 11th Onwards

From 11th onwards, ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix -esimo/-esima/-esimi/-esime to the cardinal number. If the cardinal ends in a vowel, drop the final vowel before adding -esimo. For example: undici → undicesimo (11th), dodici → dodicesimo (12th), venti → ventesimo (20th), cento → centesimo (100th). Exception: numbers ending in -tré (like ventitré) keep the accent and the vowel: ventitreesimo (23rd).

Ordinal Numbers 11th–20th

NumberCardinalOrdinal (m.sg.)English
11°undiciundicesimoeleventh
12°dodicidodicesimotwelfth
13°tredicitredicesimothirteenth
14°quattordiciquattordicesimofourteenth
15°quindiciquindicesimofifteenth
16°sedicisedicesimosixteenth
17°diciassettediciassettesimoseventeenth
18°diciottodiciottesimoeighteenth
19°diciannovediciannovesimonineteenth
20°ventiventesimotwentieth

Common Uses of Ordinal Numbers

  • Abito al terzo piano.I live on the third floor.
  • È il mio secondo caffè oggi.It is my second coffee today.
  • Ha vinto il primo posto.She won first place.
  • Leggiamo il quinto capitolo.We are reading the fifth chapter.
  • Il ventesimo secolo fu molto importante.The twentieth century was very important.
  • È arrivato quinto nella gara.He finished fifth in the race.
  • La prima lezione è domani.The first lesson is tomorrow.
  • Siamo al decimo piano.We are on the tenth floor.
  • Giovanni Paolo II (secondo) era polacco.John Paul II (second) was Polish.
  • Il primo gennaio è Capodanno.The first of January is New Year's Day.

Special Uses: Dates, Popes, Monarchs and Centuries

Ordinal numbers have several specific uses in Italian: Dates: Only 'primo' is used for the first day of the month (il primo gennaio). All other dates use cardinal numbers (il due febbraio, il tre marzo). Popes and monarchs: Roman numerals are used in writing, but the full ordinal is spoken. Papa Giovanni XXIII is read as 'Papa Giovanni ventitreesimo'. Carlo V is 'Carlo quinto'. Centuries: Il ventunesimo secolo = the 21st century. Italians also use shortened forms: il Duecento (the 1200s), il Trecento (1300s), il Quattrocento (1400s), il Cinquecento (1500s). Floors: il primo piano = the first floor above ground. The ground floor is 'il pianterreno', so 'il primo piano' is what Americans call the second floor.

Key Rules to Remember

1. Ordinals agree in gender and number: il primo giorno, la prima volta, i primi studenti, le prime pagine. 2. From 11th onwards: drop the final vowel of the cardinal, then add -esimo (e.g., dodici → dodicesimo). 3. Exception: cardinals ending in -tré keep the vowel and the accent: ventitré → ventitreesimo. 4. For dates, only 'primo' is ordinal; all others are cardinals: il primo maggio, but il due giugno. 5. Abbreviations: 1° / 1ª (first), 2° / 2ª (second), 3° / 3ª (third) — ° for masculine, ª for feminine.

Practice Exercises

50 exercises · 10 questions each