FastItalian LearningSign in
Dashboard
B150 exercises · 5 sections

Connettivi Narrativi — Discourse Connectors

The Lesson

What Are Discourse Connectors?

Discourse connectors (connettivi) are words and phrases that link sentences and paragraphs, creating coherent and flowing text. They signal the logical relationship between ideas: time sequence, cause and effect, contrast, addition, and conclusion. Mastering connectors is essential for writing and speaking in a sophisticated, natural way in Italian.

Temporal Connectors — Sequence in Time

ConnectorMeaningExample
primafirst, beforePrima mangiò, poi uscì.
poithen, nextPoi prese le chiavi e aprì la porta.
dopo (di che)after (that)Dopo di che, tornò a casa.
subito dopoimmediately afterSubito dopo arrivò la polizia.
infine / alla finefinally, in the endInfine, decisero di partire.
nel frattempomeanwhileNel frattempo, gli altri aspettavano.
poco primashortly beforePoco prima aveva telefonato.
all'improvvisosuddenlyAll'improvviso tutto cambiò.

Causal Connectors — Expressing Reason

ConnectorMeaning / RegisterExample
perchébecause (common, all registers)Non vennero perché erano stanchi.
siccomesince, as (formal, begins clause)Siccome pioveva, restammo a casa.
dato chegiven that (formal)Dato che non sapeva guidare, prese il bus.
poichésince, because (literary/formal)Poiché era tardi, andammo via.
visto cheseeing that, sinceVisto che non rispondevi, venni io.
a causa dibecause of (+ noun)A causa del traffico arrivò in ritardo.

Adversative Connectors — Expressing Contrast

ConnectorMeaning / Nuance
mabut (direct contradiction, common)
peròbut, however (softer, often second position)
tuttaviahowever, nevertheless (formal/written)
eppureand yet, despite that (surprise element)
nonostante (che)despite, although (+ subjunctive)
benché / sebbenealthough, even though (+ subjunctive)
anche seeven if, even though (+ indicative)
mentrewhile, whereas (contrast between two states)

Additive Connectors — Adding Information

ConnectorMeaning / Nuance
anchealso, too (neutral)
purealso, too (slightly emphatic)
inoltrefurthermore, in addition (formal)
perfino / persinoeven (surprising addition)
addiritturaeven, actually (surprising, stronger)
non solo… ma anchenot only… but also
oltre a (ciò)in addition to (that)

Temporal Connectors in Action

  • Prima di tutto, controllò il passaporto.First of all, she checked her passport.
  • Poi si avviò verso il gate.Then she headed toward the gate.
  • Nel frattempo, suo marito cercava parcheggio.Meanwhile, her husband was looking for parking.
  • Subito dopo l'imbarco, l'aereo decollò.Immediately after boarding, the plane took off.
  • Infine arrivarono a destinazione con un'ora di ritardo.Finally they arrived at their destination an hour late.

Adversative Connectors — Subtle Differences

  • Volevo uscire, ma pioveva.I wanted to go out, but it was raining. (direct contrast)
  • Pioveva; però uscii lo stesso.It was raining; however, I went out anyway. (softer, 'però' in second position)
  • Pioveva forte, eppure era uscito senza ombrello.It was raining hard, and yet he had gone out without an umbrella. (surprise)
  • Nonostante la pioggia, uscirono.Despite the rain, they went out. (+noun, no subjunctive)
  • Sebbene piovesse, uscirono.Although it was raining, they went out. (+subjunctive)

Position of Connectors

Some connectors always begin their clause: siccome, dato che, poiché, benché, sebbene, nonostante (che), anche se. Others can appear in second position: però (often after the verb), tuttavia, eppure, infine, inoltre. 'Poi' and 'dopo' typically start a new clause. 'Anche', 'pure', and 'perfino' appear directly before the element they emphasize. Pay attention to these positional rules as they affect both grammar and style.

Register Awareness

Choose connectors appropriate to the register. In conversation: perché, ma, però, poi, anche, e però. In formal writing: poiché, siccome, tuttavia, inoltre, nonostante, eppure, addirittura. In literary Italian: poiché, sebbene, benché, eppure, perfino. Using formal connectors in casual speech sounds unnatural; using casual connectors in formal writing sounds unprofessional.

Practice Exercises

50 exercises · 10 questions each